流體力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)（周劍鋒 雙語(yǔ)版）

Chapter 1  Introduction of Fluid Mechanics/1

1.1Brief History of Fluid Mechanics/1

1.2Dimensions and Units/4

1.2.1Dimensions/4

1.2.2Units/8

1.3Definition of a Fluid/10

1.3.1Continuity Hypothesis/10

1.3.2Density/12

1.3.3Specific Weight/13

1.3.4Specific Gravity/14

1.4Fluid Properties/14

1.4.1Compressibility/14

1.4.2Surface Tension/17

1.4.3Viscosity/20

第1章  流體力學(xué)簡(jiǎn)介/1

1.1流體力學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史/1

1.2量綱和單位/4

1.2.1量綱/4

1.2.2單位/8

1.3流體的定義/10

1.3.1連續(xù)性假設(shè)/10

1.3.2密度/12

1.3.3重度/13

1.3.4比重/14

1.4流體性質(zhì)/14

1.4.1可壓縮性/14

1.4.2表面張力/17

1.4.3黏度/20



Chapter 2  Fluid Statics/27

2.1Pressure at a Point/27

2.2Basic Equation for Pressure Field/28

2.3Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest/31

2.3.1Incompressible Fluid/31

2.3.2Compressible Fluid/34

2.4Standard Atmosphere/35

2.5Buoyancy and Stability/37

2.5.1Archimedes’ Principle/37

2.5.2Stability/40

2.6Measurement of Pressure/42

2.7Manometry/44

2.7.1Piezometer Tube/45

2.7.2U-Tube Manometer/46

2.7.3InclinedTube Manometer/50

第2章  流體靜力學(xué)/27

2.1某一點(diǎn)的壓力/27

2.2壓力場(chǎng)基本方程/28

2.3靜止流體中的壓力變化/31

2.3.1不可壓縮流體/31

2.3.2可壓縮流體/34

2.4標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣/35

2.5浮力和穩(wěn)定性/37

2.5.1阿基米德原理/37

2.5.2穩(wěn)定性/40

2.6壓力的測(cè)量/42

2.7壓力測(cè)量法/44

2.7.1測(cè)壓管/45

2.7.2U形管壓力計(jì)/46

2.7.3傾斜管壓力計(jì)/50



Chapter 3  Fluid Kinematics/54

3.1The Velocity Field/54

3.1.1Eulerian method and Lagrangian method/55

3.1.2One-,Two- and Three-Dimensional Flows/56

3.1.3Steady and Unsteady Flows/57

3.1.4Streamlines,Streaklines and Pathlines/58

3.2The Acceleration Field/60

3.2.1The Material Derivative/60

3.2.2Unsteady Effects/62

3.2.3Convective Effects/63

3.3Fluid Element Kinematics/65

3.3.1Linear Motion and Deformation/66

3.3.2Angular Motion and Deformation/67

3.4System and Control Volume/69

3.5Reynolds Transport Theorem/71

3.5.1Derivation of the Reynolds Transport Theorem/73

3.5.2Relationship Between Reynolds transport theorem and Material Derivative/78

第3章  流體運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)/54

3.1速度場(chǎng)/54

3.1.1歐拉法和拉格朗日法/55

3.1.2一維、二維和三維流動(dòng)/56

3.1.3定常和非定常流動(dòng)/57

3.1.4流線、紋線和跡線/58

3.2加速度場(chǎng)/60

3.2.1物質(zhì)導(dǎo)數(shù)/60

3.2.2非定常作用/62

3.2.3對(duì)流作用/63

3.3流體微團(tuán)運(yùn)動(dòng)/65

3.3.1線運(yùn)動(dòng)和變形/66

3.3.2角運(yùn)動(dòng)和變形/67

3.4系統(tǒng)和控制體/69

3.5雷諾輸運(yùn)定理/71

3.5.1雷諾輸運(yùn)定理的推導(dǎo)/73

3.5.2雷諾輸運(yùn)定理與物質(zhì)導(dǎo)數(shù)的關(guān)系/78



Chapter 4  Finite Control Volume Analysis of Fluid Flow/82

4.1The Continuity Equation/82

4.1.1Derivation of the Continuity Equation/82

4.1.2Application of the Continuity Equation/85

4.2The Momentum Equation/88

4.2.1Derivation of the Momentum Equation/88

4.2.2Application of the Momentum Equation/89

4.3Moment-of-Momentum Equation/91

4.3.1Derivation of the Moment-of-Momentum Equation/91

4.3.2Application of the Moment-of-Momentum Equation/93

4.4The Energy Equation/96

4.4.1Derivation of the Energy Equation/96

4.4.2Application of the Energy Equation/98

4.4.3The Bernoulli Equation/100

第4章  流體流動(dòng)的有限控制體分析/82

4.1連續(xù)性方程/82

4.1.1連續(xù)性方程的推導(dǎo)/82

4.1.2連續(xù)性方程的應(yīng)用/85

4.2動(dòng)量方程/88

4.2.1動(dòng)量方程的推導(dǎo)/88

4.2.2動(dòng)量方程的應(yīng)用/89

4.3動(dòng)量矩方程/91

4.3.1動(dòng)量矩方程的推導(dǎo)/91

4.3.2動(dòng)量矩方程的應(yīng)用/93

4.4能量方程/96

4.4.1能量方程的推導(dǎo)/96

4.4.2能量方程的應(yīng)用/98

4.4.3伯努利方程/100



Chapter 5  Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow/108

5.1Conservation of Mass/108

5.1.1Continuity Equation in Differential Form/109

5.1.2Continuity Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates/112

5.2Conservation of Momentum/112

5.2.1Forces Acting on the Differential Element/113

5.2.2Equations of Motion/116

5.3Viscous Flow/118

5.3.1Stress-Deformation Relationships/118

5.3.2The NaiverStokes Equations/119

5.4Solutions for Viscous Incompressible Flow/120

5.4.1Steady,Laminar Flow Between Fixed Parallel Plates/120

5.4.2Steady,Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes/123

第5章流體流動(dòng)的微分分析/108

5.1質(zhì)量守恒/108

5.1.1微分形式的連續(xù)性方程/109

5.1.2柱坐標(biāo)系中的連續(xù)性方程/112

5.2動(dòng)量守恒/112

5.2.1作用在微元上的力/113

5.2.2運(yùn)動(dòng)方程/116

5.3黏性流動(dòng)/118

5.3.1應(yīng)力-變形關(guān)系/118

5.3.2納維-斯托克斯方程/119

5.4黏性不可壓縮流動(dòng)的求解/120

5.4.1固定平板間的定常層流流動(dòng)/120

5.4.2圓管內(nèi)的定常層流流動(dòng)/123



Chapter 6  Similitude and Dimensional Analysis/129

6.1Similitude/129

6.2Similarity Laws/131

6.3Dimensional Analysis/134

6.3.1Dimensional homogeneity principle/134

6.3.2The Rayleigh Method/135

6.3.3The Buckingham’s Π Theorems/137

6.3.4Application of the Buckingham’s Π Theorems/139

6.4Similitude and Modeling/143

6.4.1Approximate Model of Fluid Mechanics Problem/143

6.4.2Modeling Example/148

第6章  相似理論和量綱分析/129

6.1相似理論/129

6.2相似準(zhǔn)則/131

6.3量綱分析/134

6.3.1量綱和諧原理/134

6.3.2瑞利法/135

6.3.3白金漢姆Π定理/137

6.3.4Π定理的應(yīng)用/139

6.4相似與?；?143

6.4.1流體力學(xué)問(wèn)題的近似模型/143

6.4.2模化實(shí)例/148



Chapter 7  Pipe Flow/154

7.1General Characteristics of Pipe Flow/155

7.2Laminar Flow in Circular Pipe/158

7.3Turbulent Flow in Circular Pipe/162

7.4Pressure Head Losses in Circular Pipe/166

7.4.1Mechanism of Flow Resistance/166

7.4.2Classification of Pipe Flow Resistances/169

7.4.3Calculation of Major Head Loss/171

7.4.4Calculation of Minor Head Loss/180

7.5Calculation of Head Loss in Pipeline/190

7.5.1Equivalent Hydraulic Diameter/190

7.5.2Head Loss Calculation of Pipe System/191

第7章  管內(nèi)流動(dòng)/154

7.1管內(nèi)流動(dòng)的一般特性/155

7.2圓管中的層流/158

7.3圓管中的湍流/162

7.4圓管中的壓頭損失/166

7.4.1流動(dòng)阻力產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理/166

7.4.2管內(nèi)流動(dòng)阻力的分類(lèi)/169

7.4.3主要損失的計(jì)算/171

7.4.4次要損失的計(jì)算/180

7.5管路損失計(jì)算/190

7.5.1當(dāng)量水力直徑/190

7.5.2管道系統(tǒng)的損失計(jì)算/191



Chapter 8  Planar Potential Flow/202

8.1Potential Function and Stream Function/202

8.1.1Potential Function/202

8.1.2Stream Function/205

8.2Simple Potential Flow/208

8.2.1Uniform Linear Flow/208

8.2.2Flow in Rightangle Region/209

8.2.3Point Source and Point Sink/211

8.2.4Pure Circulation Flow/213

8.3Superposition Principle of Potential Flows/215

第8章  平面勢(shì)流/202

8.1勢(shì)函數(shù)與流函數(shù)/202

8.1.1勢(shì)函數(shù)/202

8.1.2流函數(shù)/205

8.2簡(jiǎn)單勢(shì)流/208

8.2.1均勻直線流動(dòng)/208

8.2.2直角區(qū)域內(nèi)的流動(dòng)/209

8.2.3點(diǎn)源和點(diǎn)匯/211

8.2.4純環(huán)流流動(dòng)/213

8.3勢(shì)流疊加原理/215



Chapter 9  Flow Around Body Immersed/225

9.1Overview of Boundary Layer/225

9.2Characteristics of boundary layer/228

9.2.1Formation of Boundary Layer/228

9.2.2The Laminar and Turbulent Boundary Layers/231

9.3Boundary Layer Equations/234

9.3.1The Governing Equations/234

9.3.2Boundary Layer Thickness/237

9.4Flow Around a Cylinder/240

9.4.1Ideal Fluid Flow Around a Cylinder/240

9.4.2Viscous Fluid Flow Around a Cylinder/243

9.5Flow Around a Sphere/250

9.5.1Ideal Fluid Flow Around a Sphere/250

9.5.2Viscous Fluid Flow Around a Sphere/253

第9章  繞物流動(dòng)/225

9.1邊界層概述/225

9.2邊界層特性/228

9.2.1邊界層的形成/228

9.2.2層流和湍流邊界層/231

9.3邊界層方程/234

9.3.1控制方程/234

9.3.2邊界層厚度/237

9.4繞圓柱流動(dòng)/240

9.4.1理想流體繞圓柱流動(dòng)/240

9.4.2黏性流體繞圓柱流動(dòng)/243

9.5繞球流動(dòng)/250

9.5.1理想流體的繞球流動(dòng)/250

9.5.2黏性流體的繞球流動(dòng)/253



Reference/256

參考文獻(xiàn)/256