環(huán)境化學(xué)（雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)用）

Chapter 1 Introduction1
Section 1 What is Environmental Chemistry?1
1.Definition of Environmental Chemistry1
2.Classification of Environmental Chemistry1
3.Research Content of Environmental Chemistry2
4.Characteristics of Environmental Chemistry2
5.Development of Environmental Chemistry3
Section 2 Environmental Pollution Events4
1.Environmental Pollution4
2.Eight public nuisances in the world4
3.Recent years’ the world famous public nuisance6
Section 3 The Process of People’s Awareness of Environmental Issues8
1.The main environmental problems8
2.People’s awareness of environmental problem8
3.The solution to the key problems of the prevention and control of environmental pollution in China9
Questions11
Chapter 2 Atmosphere Environmental Chemistry12
Section 1 Evolution of Earth Atmosphere12
Section 2 The Vertical Structure and Distribution Characteristics of the Atmosphere14
1.Troposphere14
2.Stratosphere16
3.Mesosphere16
4.Thermosphere16
5.Exosphere16
Section 3 Radiation Balance of the Earth16
1.The relations between the maximum of radiation wavelength and the temperature16
2.Absorption of solar radiation by atmospheric composition18
3.The thermal equilibrium of the earth18
4.Greenhouse Effect20
Section 4 Tropospheric Atmospheric Chemistry22
1.The classification of atmospheric composition22
2.The sources,sinks of atmospheric composition and the atmosphere cycle23
3.The important light absorption materials in the atmosphere24
4.Atmospheric radical25
5.Tropospheric photochemical processes Clean Air27
Section 5 Photochemical Smog28
1.The emergence of photochemical smog28
2.Daily changing law of photochemical smog28
3.Forming mechanism of photochemical smog28
4.The influencing factors and the peugeot of formation of photochemical smog29
5.PAN30
6.Photochemical smog pollution control30
Section 6 Acid Deposition Chemistry30
1.The definition of acid rain and precipitation acidification process31
2.The harm caused by acid rain pollution36
3.Present situation and the control countermeasures of acid rain pollution in China37
Section 7 Urban Air Quality Problems42
1.Status quo and development trend of China’s urban air quality42
2.Urban air quality daily43
Questions45
Chapter 3 Water Environmental Chemistry46
Section 1 General Situation of Natural Water46
1.Water resources and utilization46
2.Water distribution on the earth46
3.Water cycle47
4.The conformations of natural water48
Section 2 Water Body Pollution52
1.Water body pollution and selfpurification52
2.Pollutants in water54
3.The movement procedure of pollutants after discharging into the water58
4.Water pollution effect on human body59
Section 3 Water Environment Chemistry of Organic Pollution60
1.Parameter of organic pollution60
2.Degradation of some organic pollutants in water64
Section 4 Method for Wastewater Treatment69
1.First treatment for wastewater69
2.Secondary treatment for wastewater70
3.Tertiary treatment for wastewater70
4.Typical process of municipal wastewater treatment71
Questions72
Chapter 4 Soil Environmental Chemistry73
Section 1 Formation of Soil73
1.The essence of soil formation73
2. Natural factors for the formation of soil75
3.Human role in formation of soil77
Section 2 Soil Composition77
1.Soil mineral78
2.Soil organic matter80
3.Soil solution80
4.Soil air81
Section 3 The Basic Property of Soil81
1.The physical property of soil82
2. The colloidal property of soil82
3. The composition and chelate of soil85
4. The redox properties of soil86
5. Acid and alkali of soil87
6. The biological properties of the soil87
7. Selfpurification of soil88
Section 4 Soil Pollution88
1. Soil pollution source89
2. The main pollution of soil89
Section 5 Soil Pollution Control101
1. Control and eliminate soil pollution source101
2. Soil improvement and repair104
3. Development of green food,Promotion for human health105
Questions106
Chapter 5 Disasters And Environmental Protection107
Section 1 Geological Hazard107
1. Earthquake107
2. Volcano109
3. Debris Flow110
Section 2 Weather Disasters112
1.El Nino112
2. Hurricane113
Section 3 Biodiversity and Lethal Pests115
1.Biodiversity115
2.Lethal pests118
Section 4 Food Safety125
1.Food safety and food quality125
2.Food safety incidents126
3.Analysis about the causes of food safety incidents127
4.Solutions128
Section 5 Environmental Protection129
1.Urbanization has brought many environmental problems,so environmental situation of our country is very serious129
2.The underlying causes of environmental pollution130
3.Actively explore new environmental method132
4.Strictly control PM2.5 pollution132
5.Environmental Protection “Contribution in the contemporary” and “Benefit future generations”133
6.The development trend of China’s Environmental Management Policy in the next 10 years134
Questions135
References136

第一章緒論137
第一節(jié)什么是環(huán)境化學(xué)137
一、環(huán)境化學(xué)的定義137
二、環(huán)境化學(xué)的分類(lèi)137
三、環(huán)境化學(xué)的研究?jī)?nèi)容137
四、環(huán)境化學(xué)的特點(diǎn)137
五、環(huán)境化學(xué)的發(fā)展方向138
第二節(jié)環(huán)境污染事件139
一、環(huán)境污染139
二、世界上曾發(fā)生過(guò)的八大公害事件139
三、近年來(lái)世界矚目的公害事件141
第三節(jié)人們對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程142
一、面臨的主要環(huán)境問(wèn)題142
二、人們對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)142
三、我國(guó)環(huán)境污染防治面臨的主要問(wèn)題及解決方案143
思考題144
第二章大氣環(huán)境化學(xué)145
第一節(jié)地球大氣的演化145
第二節(jié)大氣層的垂直結(jié)構(gòu)分布特征146
一、對(duì)流層147
二、平流層148
三、中間層148
四、熱層148
五、逃逸層148
第三節(jié)地球的輻射平衡148
一、物體的最大輻射波長(zhǎng)與溫度的關(guān)系148
二、大氣成分對(duì)太陽(yáng)輻射的吸收149
三、地球的熱平衡150
四、溫室效應(yīng)151
第四節(jié)對(duì)流層大氣化學(xué)反應(yīng)153
一、大氣組成的分類(lèi)153
二、大氣組分的源、匯和氣體循環(huán)154
三、大氣中重要的光吸收物質(zhì)155
四、大氣中的自由基156
五、對(duì)流層清潔大氣的光化學(xué)過(guò)程157
第五節(jié)光化學(xué)煙霧158
一、光化學(xué)煙霧的出現(xiàn)158
二、光化學(xué)煙霧的日變化規(guī)律158
三、光化學(xué)煙霧的形成機(jī)制158
四、光化學(xué)煙霧形成的影響因素與標(biāo)志159
五、PAN159
六、光化學(xué)煙霧污染的控制159
第六節(jié)酸沉降化學(xué)160
一、酸雨的定義及降水的酸化過(guò)程160
二、酸雨污染造成的危害164
三、我國(guó)酸雨的污染現(xiàn)狀及控制對(duì)策164
第七節(jié)城市空氣質(zhì)量問(wèn)題167
一、我國(guó)城市空氣質(zhì)量的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)167
二、城市空氣質(zhì)量日?qǐng)?bào)169
思考題170
第三章水環(huán)境化學(xué)171
第一節(jié)天然水概況171
一、水資源和利用171
二、地球上水的分布171
三、水循環(huán)172
四、天然水的組成172
第二節(jié)水體污染176
一、水體污染與自?xún)?76
二、水體中的污染物177
三、污染物進(jìn)入水體后的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程180
四、水體污染對(duì)人體健康的影響181
第三節(jié)有機(jī)物污染的水環(huán)境化學(xué)182
一、有機(jī)污染程度的指標(biāo)182
二、水體中某些有機(jī)污染物的降解184
第四節(jié)廢水處理方法187
一、廢水的一級(jí)處理188
二、廢水的二級(jí)處理188
三、廢水的三級(jí)處理189
四、城市廢水處理的典型流程189
思考題191
第四章土壤環(huán)境化學(xué)192
第一節(jié)土壤形成192
一、土壤形成的實(shí)質(zhì)192
二、土壤形成的自然因素193
三、土壤形成的人為作用194
第二節(jié)土壤的組成194
一、土壤礦物質(zhì)195
二、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)197
三、土壤溶液197
四、土壤空氣198
第三節(jié)土壤的基本性質(zhì)198
一、土壤的物理性質(zhì)198
二、土壤的膠體性質(zhì)199
三、土壤的配合和螯合作用200
四、土壤的氧化還原性質(zhì)201
五、土壤的酸堿性202
六、土壤的生物學(xué)性質(zhì)202
七、土壤的自?xún)糇饔?02
第四節(jié)土壤污染203
一、土壤污染源203
二、土壤的主要污染物204
第五節(jié)土壤污染防治211
一、控制和消除土壤污染源212
二、土壤改良與修復(fù)214
三、發(fā)展綠色食品，促進(jìn)人類(lèi)健康215
思考題215
第五章災(zāi)害與環(huán)境保護(hù)216
第一節(jié)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害216
一、地震216
二、火山217
三、泥石流218
第二節(jié)天氣災(zāi)害219
一、厄爾尼諾219
二、颶風(fēng)220
第三節(jié)生物多樣性及致命害蟲(chóng)221
一、生物多樣性221
二、致命害蟲(chóng)223
第四節(jié)食品安全228
一、食品安全與食品質(zhì)量228
二、食品安全事件229
三、食品安全事件原因分析230
四、解決方案230
第五節(jié)環(huán)境保護(hù)231
一、城市化相伴帶來(lái)諸多環(huán)境問(wèn)題，當(dāng)前我國(guó)環(huán)境形勢(shì)依然嚴(yán)峻231
二、環(huán)境污染背后的深層原因232
三、積極探索環(huán)保新道路233
四、嚴(yán)格治理PM2.5污染233
五、環(huán)境保護(hù)“功在當(dāng)代”、“利在千秋”234
六、未來(lái)十年我國(guó)環(huán)境管理政策發(fā)展趨勢(shì)235
思考題235
參考文獻(xiàn)236