An Introduction to Organic Chemistry Chapter 1 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Combustion of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 1.3 The Halogenation of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 1.4 Cracking Alkanes Questions Chapter 2 Alkenes 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Making Alkenes in the Lab 2.3 The Hydrogenation of Alkenes 2.4 The Halogenation of Alkenes 2.5 Alkenes and Hydrogen Halides 2.6 Alkenes and Sulphuric Acid 2.7 Alkenes and Potassium Manganate(VII) 2.8 The Direct Hydration of Alkenes 2.9 The Polymerization of Alkenes 2.10 Epoxyethane (Ethylene Oxide) Questions Chapter 3 Alkynes and Conjugated Dienes 3.1 Alkynes 3.2 Conjugated Dienes Questions Chapter 4 Isomerism 4.1 Structural Isomerism 4.2 Stereoisomerism--Geometric Isomerism 4.3 Stereoisomerism--Optical Isomerism Questions Chapter 5 Aromatic Chemistry 5.1 Benzenes and Substituted Benzenes 5.2 Molecular Orbital Representation of Benzene ( MO Theory) 5.3 Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds 5.4 Benzylic Systems Questions Chapter 6 Halogenoalkanes 6.1 Introducing Halogenoalkanes 6.2 Making Halogenoalkanes 6.3 Reactions between Halogenoalkanes and Hydroxide Ions 6.4 Reactions between Halogenoalkanes and Cyanide Ions 6.5 Reactions between Halogenoalkanes and Ammonia 6.6 Reactions Involving Halogenoalkanes and Silver Nitrate Solution 6.7 An introduction to Grignard Reagents 6.8 Use of Halogenoalkanes Questions Chapter 7 Alcohols 7.1 Introducing Alcohols 7.2 The Manufacture of Alcohols 7.3 The Dehydration of Alcohols 7.4 Reacting Alcohols with Sodium 7.5 Replacing the --OH Group in Alcohols by a Halogen 7.6 Oxidation of Alcohols 7.7 Esterification 7.8 The Triiodomethane(Iodoform) Reaction with Alcohols 7.9 Use of Alcohols Questions Chapter 8 Aldehydes and Ketones 8.1 Introducing Aldehydes and Ketones 8.2 Making Aldehydes and Ketones 8.3 Simple Addition to Aldehydes and Ketones 8.4 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones 8.5 Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones with Grignard Regents 8.6 Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones 8.7 Addition-Elimination Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones 8.8 The Triiodomethane (Iodoform) Reaction with Aldehydes and Ketones Questions Chapter 9 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives 9.1 Carboxylic Acids 9.2 Acyl Chlorides 9.3 Acid Anhydrides 9.4 Esters 9.5 Amides Questions Chapter 10 Amines and Nitriles 10.1 Introduction of Amines 10.2 Making Amines 10.3 Amines as Bases 10.4 Amines as Nucleophiles 10.5 Amines and Nitrous acid 10.6 Introducing Phenylamine 10.7 Nitriles Questions Chapter 11 Carbohydrates and Lipids 11.1 Carbohydrates 11.2 Lipids Questions Chapter 12 Amino Acids and Proteins 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The Acid-Base Behaviour of Amino Acids 12.3 The Structure of Proteins 12.4 The Hydrolysis of Proteins Questions Reference Appendix A List of Typical Name Reactions Appendix B Glossary Appendix C Useful Websites for Chemistry
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