組播路由協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用

第1章 概述                   
 1.1 IP組播技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介                   
 1.2 IP組播的歷史和現(xiàn)狀                   
 1.3 IP組播的優(yōu)點(diǎn)                   
 1.3.1 帶寬                   
 1.3.2 服務(wù)器負(fù)載                   
 1.4 IP組播的缺點(diǎn)                   
 1.4.1 不可靠的信息包傳送                   
 1.4.2 組播信息包的復(fù)制                   
 1.5 組播應(yīng)用                   
 1.5.1 多媒體應(yīng)用                   
 1.5.2 數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā)                   
 1.5.3 實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)組播                   
 1.5.4 游戲和仿真                   
 1.6 小結(jié)                   
                   
 第2章 組播基礎(chǔ)                   
 2.1 組播地址                   
 2.1.1 IP 組播地址                   
 2.1.2 組播MAC媒體訪問層地址                   
 2.1.3 組播地址分配                   
 2.1.4 管理權(quán)限的組播地址                   
 2.2 組播轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)樹                   
 2.2.1 有源樹                   
 2.2.2 共享樹                   
 2.3 組播轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)                   
 2.3.1 逆向路徑轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)                   
 2.3.2 組播的TTL閾                   
 2.3.3 管理權(quán)限的邊界                   
 2.4 組播路由協(xié)議分類                   
 2.4.1 密集模式協(xié)議                   
 2.4.2 稀疏模式協(xié)議                   
 2.4.3 鏈路狀態(tài)協(xié)議                   
 2.5 組播協(xié)議概述                  
 2.5.1 DVMRP                  
 2.5.2 MOSPF                  
 2.5.3 PIM                  
 2.5.4 CBT                  
 2.6 小結(jié)                  
                   
 第3章 因特網(wǎng)組管理協(xié)議                  
 3.1 IGMPv 1                  
 3.1.1 IGMPv1消息格式                  
 3.1.2 IGMPv1查詢—響應(yīng)過程                  
 3.1.3 報(bào)告響應(yīng)抑制                  
 3.1.4 IGMPv1查詢路由器選舉                  
 3.1.5 IGMPv1加入過程                  
 3.1.6 IGMPv1離開過程                  
 3.2 IGMPv 2                  
 3.2.1 IGMPv2消息格式                  
 3.2.2 IGMPv2查詢—響應(yīng)過程                  
 3.2.3 IGMPv2離開過程                  
 3.2.4 IGMPv2加入過程                  
 3.2.5 查詢選擇過程                  
 3.2.6 IGMPv2查詢響應(yīng)調(diào)整                  
 3.3 IGMPv1與IGMPv2的互操作性                  
 3.3.1 V2主機(jī)/V1路由器互操作                  
 3.3.2 V1主機(jī)/V2路由器                  
 3.3.3 V1和V2路由器的互操作性                  
 3.4 IGMPv3                  
 3.5 小結(jié)                  
                   
 第4章 距離向量組播路由選擇協(xié)議                  
 4.1 DVMRP概述                  
 4.1.1 逆向路徑轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)(RPF)                  
 4.1.2 接口處理                  
 4.1.3 隧道封裝                  
 4.1.4 指定轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)者                  
 4.2 DVMRP鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)                  
 4.2.1 Probe消息格式                  
 4.2.2 Probe消息的作用                  
 4.2.3 Generation ID的作用                  
 4.2.4 鄰居地址                  
 4.2.5 DVMRP鄰居發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)制                  
 4.2.6 鄰居超時(shí)                  
 4.3 DVMRP路由交換                  
 4.3.1 Report消息格式                  
 4.3.2 源網(wǎng)絡(luò)聚合                  
 4.3.3 路由度量                  
 4.3.4 路由依靠性和毒性反轉(zhuǎn)(Poison Reverse)                  
 4.3.5 發(fā)送路由報(bào)告                  
 4.3.6 接收路由報(bào)告                  
 4.3.7 路由超時(shí)                  
 4.3.8 路由抑制                  
 4.3.9 安全關(guān)機(jī)                  
 4.3.10 交換DVMRP路由報(bào)告                  
 4.3.11 建立DVMRP組播轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)樹                  
 4.4 DVMRP組播轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)                  
 4.4.1 組播轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)項(xiàng)的創(chuàng)建和維護(hù)                  
 4.4.2 RPF檢查                  
 4.5 DVMRP剪枝                  
 4.5.1 Prune消息格式                  
 4.5.2 葉路由器                  
 4.5.3 源網(wǎng)絡(luò)                  
 4.5.4 剪枝重傳                  
 4.5.5 DVMRP剪枝過程                  
 4.5.6 剪枝狀態(tài)超時(shí)                  
 4.6 DVMRP嫁接                  
 4.6.1 Graft消息格式                  
 4.6.2 Graft ACK消息格式                  
 4.6.3 發(fā)送和接受Graft消息                  
 4.6.4 發(fā)送和接受Graft-ACK消息                  
 4.6.5 DVMRP嫁接過程                   
 4.7 小結(jié)                   
                   
 第5章 PIM密集模式                  
 5.1 PIM協(xié)議概述                  
 5.2 PIM路由鄰居                  
 5.2.1 PIM Hello消息                  
 5.2.2 PIM指定路由器(DR)                  
 5.3 PIM-DM組播轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)                  
 5.3.1 源最短路徑樹和RPF檢查                  
 5.3.2 組播數(shù)據(jù)的擴(kuò)散和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)                  
 5.4 PIM-DM剪枝                  
 5.4.1 PIM-DM剪枝觸發(fā)                  
 5.4.2 剪枝否決                  
 5.4.3 剪枝延遲累加                  
 5.5 PIM-DM嫁接                   
 5.6 PIM-DM聲明                   
 5.7 PIM-DM的實(shí)際應(yīng)用                  
 5.7.1 PIM-DM配置                  
 5.7.2 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)與狀態(tài)                  
 5.7.3 PIM-DM(*, G)狀態(tài)規(guī)則                  
 5.7.4 PIM-DM(S, G)狀態(tài)規(guī)則                  
 5.7.5 PIM-DM狀態(tài)維護(hù)規(guī)則                  
 5.7.6 新的PIM鄰居的鄰接性                  
 5.8 PIM-DM增強(qiáng)——狀態(tài)刷新                  
 5.9 PIM-DM的擴(kuò)展性                  
 5.10 小結(jié)                  
                   
 第6章 PIM稀疏模式                   
 6.1 顯式加入模型                  
 6.2 PIM-SM共享樹                  
 6.2.1 共享樹原理                  
 6.2.2 共享樹加入                  
 6.2.3 共享樹剪枝                  
 6.3 PIM-SM最短路徑樹                  
 6.4 PIM加入/剪枝消息                  
 6.5 PIM-SM狀態(tài)刷新                  
 6.6 源注冊(cè)                  
 6.6.1 PIM注冊(cè)消息                  
 6.6.2 PIM注冊(cè)停止消息                  
 6.6.3 源注冊(cè)的要點(diǎn)                  
 6.6.4 PIM注冊(cè)過程                  
 6.6.5 接收者首先加入                  
 6.6.6 源首先注冊(cè)                  
 6.6.7 源注冊(cè)示例                  
 6.7 PIM-SM指定路由器                  
 6.7.1 指定路由器的作用                  
 6.7.2 指定路由器失敗                  
 6.8 RP發(fā)現(xiàn)                  
 6.8.1 PIMv2 自舉路由器                   
 6.8.2 PIMv2自舉路由器簡(jiǎn)介                   
 6.8.3 配置PIMv2候選RP                   
 6.8.4 配置PIMv2候選BSR                   
 6.8.5 多個(gè)候選RP                   
 6.8.6 RP選擇——哈希算法                   
 6.8.7 多個(gè)候選BSR                   
 6.8.8 限制BSR消息                   
 6.8.9 RP的位置                   
 6.8.10 RP資源需求                   
 6.8.11 Auto-RP和BSR的比較                   
 6.9 PIM協(xié)議的包格式                   
 6.9.1 PIM 控制消息封裝                   
 6.9.2 PIM-SM數(shù)據(jù)包頭部                   
 6.9.3 編碼單播地址                   
 6.9.4 編碼組地址                   
 6.9.5 編碼源地址                   
 6.9.6 “聲明”消息                   
 6.9.7 “BootStrap”消息                   
 6.9.8 “備選 RP”消息                   
 6.9.9 “Hello”消息                   
 6.9.10 “加入/剪枝”消息                   
 6.9.11 “注冊(cè)”消息                   
 6.9.12 “注冊(cè)終止”消息                   
 6.10 PIM-SM適用性/可擴(kuò)展性                   
 6.11 小結(jié)                   
                   
 第7章 配置PIM-SM                   
 7.1 PIM-SM狀態(tài)規(guī)則                   
 7.1.1 PIM-SM(*, G)狀態(tài)規(guī)則                   
 7.1.2 PIM-SM(S, G)狀態(tài)規(guī)則                   
 7.1.3 PIM-SM出接口規(guī)則                   
 7.1.4 PIM-SM出口計(jì)時(shí)器                   
 7.1.5 PIM-SM狀態(tài)維護(hù)規(guī)則                   
 7.1.6 特殊PIM-SM(S, G)RP位狀態(tài)規(guī)則                   
 7.2 PIM-SM狀態(tài)項(xiàng)                   
 7.3 SPT-Switchover                   
 7.3.1 超過SPT-Threshold                   
 7.3.2 SPT-Switchback過程                   
 7.4 小結(jié)                   
                   
 第8章 PIM協(xié)議的擴(kuò)展                   
 8.1 PIM-SM的源路由擴(kuò)展                   
 8.2 雙向共享樹PIM-SM擴(kuò)展(Bidir-PIM)                   
 8.2.1 DF選舉                   
 8.2.2 雙向轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)樹的建立過程                   
 8.2.3 組播轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)規(guī)則                   
 8.2.4 PIM-SM雙向擴(kuò)展的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)                   
 8.3 小結(jié)                   
                   
 第9章 域間組播路由                   
 9.1 歷史上的Internet范圍內(nèi)的組播                   
 9.2 簡(jiǎn)單域間組播路由                   
 9.2.1 域間組播路由的問題                   
 9.2.2 PIM-SM協(xié)議的域間組播支持                   
 9.2.3 組播路由協(xié)議互操作模型                   
 9.3 MBGP                   
 9.3.1 邊界網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議BGP                   
 9.3.2 BGP的組播擴(kuò)展MBGP                   
 9.3.3 解決方案                   
 9.4 MSDP                   
 9.4.1 MSDP概貌                   
 9.4.2 MSDP鄰居                   
 9.4.3 MSDP消息                   
 9.4.4 MSDP Mesh-Groups                   
 9.5 解決方案                   
 9.6 將來(lái)的域間組播                   
 9.6.1 組播地址設(shè)置聲明                   
 9.6.2 邊界網(wǎng)關(guān)組播協(xié)議                   
 9.7 小結(jié)                   
                   
 第10章 局域網(wǎng)上的組播                   
 10.1 交換式以太網(wǎng)的工作原理                   
 10.2 抑制組播信息                   
 10.3 IGMP竊聽                   
 10.3.1 加入路由器端口                   
 10.3.2 IGMP竊聽組成員加入                   
 10.3.3 IGMP竊聽對(duì)交換機(jī)的性能影響                   
 10.3.4 IGMP竊聽離開組                   
 10.3.5 小結(jié)                   
 10.4 Cisco組管理協(xié)議                   
 10.4.1 CGMP消息                   
 10.4.2 CGMP探測(cè)路由器端口                   
 10.4.3 CGMP加入端口                   
 10.4.4 CGMP維護(hù)組                   
 10.4.5 CGMP下離開組                   
 10.4.6 CGMP和組播源                   
 10.4.7 CGMP的性能                   
 10.4.8 小結(jié)                   
 10.5 局域網(wǎng)交換的其他問題                   
 10.6 小結(jié)                   
                   
 第11章 組播高級(jí)課題                   
 11.1 組播性能考慮                   
 11.1.1 組播包的復(fù)制問題                   
 11.1.2 組播狀態(tài)維護(hù)消耗                   
 11.2 組播流量管理                   
 11.2.1 速率限制過程                   
 11.2.2 劃定邊界                   
 11.3 組播信息路徑控制                   
 11.4 廣播地址與組播地址之間的轉(zhuǎn)換                   
 11.5 IPv6上的組播                   
 11.5.1 IPv6組播地址                   
 11.5.2 組播在IPv6上的實(shí)現(xiàn)                   
 11.5.3 組播接口                   
 11.5.4 在IPv6中實(shí)現(xiàn)PIM                   
 11.5.5 小結(jié)                   
 11.6 MPLS上的組播                   
 11.6.1 介紹                   
 11.6.2 2層特性                   
 11.6.3 在MPLS中的組播協(xié)議特性                   
 11.6.4 一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)上的2層3層混合交換                   
 11.6.5 觸發(fā)組播LSP的分類                   
 11.6.6 多入口網(wǎng)絡(luò)                   
 11.6.7 小結(jié)                   
 11.7 ATM上的組播                   
 11.7.1 簡(jiǎn)介                   
 11.7.2 ATM虛電路                   
 11.7.3 ATM組播服務(wù)器                   
 11.7.4 小結(jié)                   
 11.8 小結(jié)                   
                   
 參考文獻(xiàn)